On Violence by Hannah Arendt

The book On Violence by Hannah Arendt is an investigation on the nature, reasons, and significance of violence from the 1950s to date. The author also gives an analysis of the association that exists between war, politics, violence, and power. The book is incisive, thought provoking and well written, and this makes it to give the best representation of the violence that takes place in the modern period.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on On Violence by Hannah Arendt specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the book, Hannah put forth a number of arguments in analyzing the issue of violence in the second part of the twentieth century. Her writings were addressing two audiences: the authorities who were searching for remedial actions to restore calm in campuses in America and the students who were creating turbulence all over the country. She argued that the authorities had the ability to resist violence if they used the po wer vested in them appropriately. The consequence of her arguments was to illustrate the unreasonableness of the New Left’s grip of violence as an end in itself or even as a way of realizing transformation in the power structure. Hannah condemned the failure of the New Left activism to comprehend Marxism and demonstrated further that they are basing their ideas on turbulence on unsupportable reasons. Hannah’s main argument was that the theories that were equating violence with power were wrong. The book explains that the ancient perception of violence, reinforced by the Judeo-Christian custom of an angry God, was illogical as violence mainly enforces compliance through physical coercion. Hannah supported her position by positing that violence is most of the time vital for the service of power and as such, it can never be the foundation of governance. On the contrary, she argued that power is the capacity of a social entity to act in concert and it enables individuals t o work together; thus, it is the essence and end of all governance. On Violence is concerned about the current historical context in which acts of violence occur on a daily basis. In writing the book, Hannah wanted to examine the acts of student violence that were causing havoc in various institutions of learning in the U.S. and around the world in the late 1960s.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Though the book was written during that time, it is a true representation of the acts of violence that are still common in our contemporary society. On the social setting, the author argues that those who lack adequate power most of the time try to control or exert influence over others using violence. Thus, violence assists individuals to manage or temporary exert their will on others. On the economic setting, the author is concerned about the use of violence to reinstate economic p ower. A state may want to increase the sphere of its economic influence using violent means if it feels that its strength is slipping away. The book is very relevant to contemporary issues. The current society is full of violence, as many people have falsely believed that it is the most appropriate way of solving problems. However, it has proved to be useless, as it has continued to create havoc all over the world. More so, in our current society, â€Å"every decrease in power is an open invitation to violence–if only because those who hold power and feel it slipping from their hands†¦have always found it difficult to resist the temptation to substitute violence for it† (Arendt, 87). Thus, violence is usually used in our contemporary society as a means of sustaining power. The current youthful society has turned to violence in order to address their grievances with the society. The public has been astonished by the rebellion that is being manifested by the youths in an outrageous way. Violence seems to be the order of the order; thus, Hannah’s wit and piercing logic is still a force to be reckoned with in understanding violence in our current society. The book is relevant to peace and conflict resolution. It gives an understanding of the idea of violence; thus, eases the process of conflict resolution in case violence takes place. The text provides an examination of violent behaviors with the intention of understanding the mechanisms that can result in the betterment of the human condition. In the book, she says, â€Å"Violence can always destroy power; out of the barrel of a gun grows the most effective command, resulting in the most instant and perfect obedience. What never can grow out of it is power† (Arendt, 53). Therefore, in the process of peace and conflict resolution, understanding the difference between power and violence is of importance in averting further conflicts.Advertising We will write a custom essay samp le on On Violence by Hannah Arendt specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Further, the book advocates for conflict resolution through peaceful means as it will ensure the satisfaction of all the contending parties, and this is an essential element in peace studies. In addition, it is important to note that the book is not trying to refrain individuals from taking action, but it gives a warning that the use of violence to resolve conflicts is not beneficial in the end. Works Cited Arendt, Hannah. On Violence. New York: Harcourt, Brace World, 1970. Print. This essay on On Violence by Hannah Arendt was written and submitted by user Terrell Huber to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Shop online or At the Malls essays

Shop online or At the Malls essays Radiation, sore eyes, fatigue carpal tunnel syndrome and characteristics of a hermit. These are the common sickness people get when working with computers too long. Shopping is one of the largest industries in the world. For the people who decide to shop on the Internet, have to face many disadvantages. Many people prefer to shop in malls because they are able to see and feel the texture of the things that they want before they purchase it. Usually when purchasing a product online through the net, people do not know what they are really getting. Maybe the picture or the way the product is described on the Internet could be imprecise and incorrect. When shopping at the malls, consumers are able to interact with sales people and be able to get the highest quality of service. Technology may be an essential part of our lives, but it will never take over our daily lives. Computers are a valuable source of technology to humans these days. Everyday people use these machines to do their work, but when it comes down to shopping, it is a different experience. Shopping on the Internet may seem like an easy way out from the traffic and the crowded malls, but nothing can beat the hands on experience of shopping. Shopping in malls gives the consumers the chance of using their four out of five senses: to look, feel, smell and hear. The consumers are able to look at every little detail there is on the product they want before purchasing it. Where as, when using the Internet the consumer is only able to see a small picture of what they want without any details. Also the consumer can feel the quality of their product that they are purchasing. On the Internet, it is impossible to feel anything, but ones own computer. There is also the smell of some of the products that cannot be smelled through the Internet. The smell of 100% pure silk, leather and the smell of fresh made chocolates. Then ...

Racism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Racism - Essay Example They made them belief that some human beings are less human by the virtue that they shared a different language, colour, or place of birth. To date, some African tribes still hold onto those beliefs, which make them fight occasionally. The worst scenario was in Rwanda when a war between the two main tribes Tutsi and Hutu almost swept the nation. While you will hardly notice racial discrimination in some parts of the world, in some parts it is readable and accepted as a norm. For instance, in Europe, as African immigrants join different countries to trade, they are given different treatment by the natives, which cause confrontations at times. In the Middle East, Lebanon is the worst marked scenario where racism is practised openly. Foreign domestic workers receive poor treatment from their bosses who treat them as second-class citizens. Domestic workers from Asia and Africa cannot even use the Lebanese beaches (Shah Web). The major problem with racism is that it hinders development. When different tribes decide to live in isolation and refuse to interact with other communities, knowledge and used for innovations cannot flow. In addition, it hinders immigration of people from one place to another who carry expertise that is not with the natives. People fear poor treatments offered by other based on race and avoid immigration. UN’s World Conference on Racism in 2001 tried to prevent racism in the world. With the main agenda on ways to curb discrimination based on racism, xenophobia, and its related intolerance (Shah Web). European commission against racism and intolerance (ECRI) is a human right body that cannot condone racism. It has held different delegations in Finland, San Marino, Ireland, Ukraine and in other parts to make sure that every human being is treated with the dignity they deserves (Council of Europe Web) Although different non-governmental organisations

Strategic Choice and Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Strategic Choice and Evaluation - Essay Example A grand as well as the generic strategy will also be adopted to enhance growth. Such strategic plan components will guarantee that Wal-Mart remains a leader in the industry (Giudice, Carayannis & Peruta, 2011, pp. 104-105). This paper gives a limelight to the strategic alternatives and offer sound recommendation on the best strategies to implement based on the current climate in the retailing industry. It is undoubtedly obvious that all the value disciplines, including product leadership, customer intimacy, and operational excellence are likely to benefit Wal-Mart in exceptional ways. However, one of the most effective disciplines that the firm can adopt is operational excellence since it will enhance the internal operations and do away with wastes within the internal processes. Using such a value discipline will also continue giving the firm a competitive edge and improve on its logistics as well as purchasing. To do this, it must continue focusing on offering low prices by negotiating with the suppliers to reduce their costs through economies of scale. As a result, this helps it to offer diverse products with competitive service, while at the same time maintaining affordable or reasonable prices. Placing an immense focus on operational excellence will also help in mitigating the prevailing risks in the business world of been undercut on prices by the rival firms such as Target ( Lynch, 2013). Coming up with an excellent supermarket chain that is capable of accommodating growth requires high degree of operational excellence. In that case, the firm must also be focused on adopting projects that boosts productivity and reduces costs. It should also continue investing in information technology to improve on the inventory system, communicate promptly with the suppliers, and deliver the necessary data on time. Continuous improvement on operational excellence will go a long way to improve the firm’s productivity, offer

Handling the Dilemma over Community vs Institutional Corrections Essay Example for Free

Handling the Dilemma over Community vs Institutional Corrections Essay It is the first day of break and Jimmy wants to have a good time with his friends. Long story short, Jimmy decided to drive home drunk and crashed into another car. The driver of the other car passed away.What kind of punishment should Jimmy receive? It seems fair for him to spend time in prison. Should he see probation after the jail time? How much? This scenario helps introduce the dilemma we have today as a society about institutional vs. community corrections. Punishment for crime has always been an issue for debate. With the growth of the American colonies, the colonists needed a system of punishment for lawbreakers. Many methods developed in Europe meant to bring shame to those offenders were adopted. Around this time, the world saw a change in punishment ideology; some began to stress that humans are not perfect and make mistakes. Thus, there should be more reform as well as punish. In 1682, William Penn made a push for change. He limited the death penalty to cases of murder only and called for fines and imprisonment for most offenses. This is widely considered the beginnings of the prison system in the U.S. He also helped start the creation of jails, like the High Street Jail. The first federal prisons were established in 1891. Before this date, prisons were organized by states and territories. The establishment of parole and probation, or community corrections, began in the 1870s. There has always been and most likely always will be a huge social dilemma on what types and to what extent punishment should be laid out. Both institutional and community corrections have their pros and cons. One thing is for certain, however, that we do need a mixture of both. The current prison system has a number of advantages. Incarceration keeps criminals away from the public theoretically making the public safer. Imprisonment also punishes the convicted criminal by taking away, in a sense, their life at least for a short period. This type of punishment should have the effect of deterring the offender from repeat crimes as well as others from committing crimes. Current prison systems are meant to be rehabilitative. Structure and discipline is provided by the prisons so as to educate and provide therapy for inmates. With the good also comes the bad. Housing a large population of criminals together can lead to networking and an anti-social encouragement to continue crime. Probably the biggest knock on imprisonment is that there is a huge cost associated with housing an inmate. The public and law-abiding citizens essentially pay for the living accommodations of a criminal. The financial toll hits those families directly associated with the criminal. It is harder for a family to get by if an income is removed. If a family ends up needing government aid, the public is again paying for that. It can also be said that prisons lack the necessary resources to properly rehabilitate and to address the issues of how they got to prison. One last disadvantage is that every prisoner is treated the same. A murderer would be treated the same as a thief. This may not necessarily be fair. Community-based corrections, on the other hand, also have a number of advantages. It is usually said that community corrections are practical and less expensive alternatives to imprisonment. Keeping an offender convicted of a minor crime in the community and out of a jail filled with hardened criminals would theoretically do a better job at rehabilitating the person and keep them functioning socially. Community corrections mainly offer the solution to the tendency of inmates to learn anti-social behaviors. Families will largely stay intact. Supervision and restrictions can help the person learn to be a more highly functioning member of society. Training programs and job placement work along these same lines. Community corrections may also have negative outcomes. For one, criminals will still be walking the streets. If an offender is set to live in a halfway house, the community around the house could become undesirable. Nearby residents may feel threatened. Community corrections are not totally free either. Systems like halfway houses do cost money, although the overall cost of community corrections is appealing in comparison to institutional corrections. Many believe that prisonization is tantamount to socialization into a criminal culture. Therefore, being in a prison is thought equivalent to being in a school for crime (Tittle, 263). Research has shown that inmates will often grow loyalty each other and can develop a hostility towards prison officials. The society in a prison is largely based on putting value in things not as valuable otherwise. The overall effect is not one conducive to rehabilitation into society. Some do say, however, that attitudes and behaviors such as this become less salient as the time nears for return to the outside (Tittle, 264) This insight can show how many might simply adapt to prison culture and can readjust once freed. Still, the risk of anti-socialization is there. The argument can be made that prisons are not the greatest device for rehabilitation but that community corrections are not currently adequate. A push for improvements is being made. Prohibitive costs of constructing and operating jails make it impossible to get out of this corrections crisis even if the public wants toughness on crime (Rosenthal, 1). Policymakers are making a push towards more effective transition and community supervision. One large problem with this changing corrections climate, is that rehabilitation is being overshadowed by protection of the public and promotion of justice (Rosenthal, 1). One last important point to make about a need for more effective community corrections is that there is an increase in the number of drug and alcohol abusers and prisons are not the best place for these offenders. Innovations have been made in community corrections such as intensive supervision probation/parole (ISP), home confinement with or without electronic monitoring, and residential options in community corrections. It is encouraging to see developments but the system in general is ineffective.Unlike some countries, we have no national probation service to provide service uniformly across all parts of the country (Burrell, xv). There are federal, state, county, and even municipal level providers. It is hard to be efficient and effective with such a non-standardized system. A Canadian study showed that well-designed and well-implemented correctional treatment programs can produce significant reduction in recidivism (Burrell, xvii). The overarching factor in the correctional dilemma is that we should attempt to do what is best for society. Justice does need to be served and prisons are a necessary evil, but not always best at rehabilitation. Without proper rehabilitation, we will see repeat offenders. Community corrections offer better opportunities at re-entry but, of course, this is not always feasible or fair. An often overlooked portion of this dilemma is the families. Not only will the criminal be a lost cause if rehabilitation is a failure but often the families may fall into a state of failure as well. A study shows that two thirds of family members of incarcerated persons see substantial financial decline, general health decline, and damage to relationships with children and other family members (Arditti, 199-200). This certainly is not beneficial for society. In my opinion, there is a trend to be seen in this correctional dilemma. This trend appears to be that the main issue is a lack of effectiveness in rehabilitation. It is also very clear that institutional corrections is not usually conducive to widespread rehabilitation. This lends the idea that community corrections and the community in general provide the real hope. We also now know that the community system is fragmented and decentralized and needs improvement. This is not to say that we need to completely stray away from prisons. Surely, that is out of the question. It is a necessary evil. To better society as a whole, community corrections need to be improved. I believe that we should move towards a system where only the most severe of offenders see true hard jail time. Further, a focus and monetary support should be put towards a unified community corrections system that is more apt at rehabilitating offenders. This is no small task. My opinions can be expounded upon as such: For all violent offenders and those committing crimes with wide-ranging effects should see times behind bars without question. Data shows that there are large numbers of non violent offenders behind bars. Being that it is extremely costly to house a prisoner it would be beneficial to attempt to cut down on non violent offenders behind bars. The push would then be to turn to more social and community based ways of punishment. It would seem that this would be more conducive of rehabilitation. This group of offenders having committed non violent crimes may have more hope of becoming productive members of society once again. There is a certain level of toleration to be had. We must understand that there will always be criminals and some will never be fixed. Further, any system will never work perfectly. In my opinion, though, it seems there needs to a slight shift in momentum towards community corrections for economic, societal, and rehabilitative reasons. Works Cited Arditti, Joyce A., Jennifer Lambert-Shute, and Karen Joest. Saturday Morning at the Jail: Implications of Incarceration for Families and Children. Family Relations 52.3 (2003): 195-204. JSTOR. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. This scholarly article was originally published in the journal, Family Relations. This article is meant to explore the implications of criminal sanction policies on the families of felony offenders. More specifically, the article focused on the social, health, and economic characteristics of parents and children to these offenders under incarceration. I found the article to be interesting and thorough overall, but much of it was more than what I needed for the purposes of this paper. Still, I found the article to be helpful in my research and proved to be useful for anecdotes. As such, this source was used mainly for supplemental information. Burrell, William D. Community Corrections Management. Civic Research Institute (n.d.): n. pag. JSTOR. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. This article is part of the Civic Research Institute. The article is intent on discussing the Community-Based Corrections System in general. The author takes the point of view that it is a decentralized and fragmented system. The article further discusses probation and parole along with developments in these areas. Finally, it explores the future of the system. I found the article to be helpful to my understanding of the community corrections system and to see where it might be heading. I used this article mainly for informational purposes and general understanding. Inciardi, James A. Criminal Justice. 8th ed. Orlando: Academic, 1984. Print. This source is the textbook for our Introduction to Criminal Justice course. It is meant to provide an overview of the structure, processes, and problems of the criminal justice system in the United States. The book provides lots of basic and some in depth information and accompanying support, data, and analysis. I find the book to be helpful and capable ox offering explanations easy to comprehend. I have used this book mainly as a guide and a source for general information on the topic and not for more in depth purposes. Rosenthal, C. S. Opportunities in Community Corrections. National Criminal Justice Reference Service. National Council on Crime and Delinquency, 1989. Web. 25 Nov. 2012. . This article published in the National Criminal Justice Reference Service is focused on why there would be community based corrections, what they are, how effective they have been, and what is the future looking like. Similar to another article I have cited, this scholarly journal article does a good job of painting the big picture of community corrections. I particularly liked how this article was thorough in starting off with the basics and going into developments and then finally into some analysi s. This proved to be a helpful article in the formation of my opinion. Tittle, Charles R. Institutional Living and Rehabilitation. Journal of Health Social Behavior 13 (1972): 263-73. Web. 26 Nov. 2012. This source is an article published in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior on the topic of Institutional Corrections. The author of this article seeks to provide information and research on the extent to which incarceration is or can be rehabilitative. He finds and explains three characteristics thought to have anti-rehabilitative consequences. I found this journal article to be helpful at providing a detailed analysis of institutional corrections, both the presumed advantages and disadvantages. I used this mainly for more in depth conclusion drawing.

Our Neighborhood Drawbacks Essay -- essays research papers fc

My family and I live in a private zone in Visalia which has neat streets and attractive sidewalks decorating our neighborhood. In addition, we count with a secure playground area for our kids funny. It is surrounded by a high fence and has a soft carpet under the playground to protect our kids against fall downs. Many of our residents declare that is a pleasure to take a walk around our area. Laura, a woman who lives in front our home said: â€Å"It is a delight to walk to school every morning because I can enjoy our neighborhood beauty.† In addition, we have the advantage of the splendor during any season. For instance, we can see numerous leaves of different colors falling down in the autumn. Reds, browns, and oranges tones cover our streets. In the spring, everyone can take a leisure time under shades of flourishing gardens full of leafy trees. We are very proud of living in this beautiful area. Nevertheless, a large deserted lot near our locality brings out some annoying effects on the residents.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This unoccupied lot gives to the community a disagreeable look that contrasts with the beauty of our neighborhood. The owners send a person to the terrain once a year to clean it up, but waste cumulates quickly. Old mattress, useless tires, and worn-out shoes give our area a nasty aspect. In addition, some people who buy their provisions in a store located at the back of our vicinity leave shopping carts in this careless lot. Consequently, gangs take adv...

Nonverbal Ambiguity

Nonverbal messages can often be misunderstood. Often this misinterpretation is said to be socio-cultural. I remember an instance myself when I was in high school and a miscommunication happened between my friends and I.   It was only so unfortunate that it happened in the course of passing our exams. Naturally, we knew we could increase our ability to pass if we worked as a team. One of my classmates suggested that we come up with hand gestures that would represent each of the four letters that almost always appear in our test papers: a, b, c, and   d. Hence, it was agreed that the hand gestures would be used as a tool during our exam week. Our hand gestures comprised a set of inconspicuous behaviors such as light scratching of ones’ nose for the letter a, pinching lightly ones’ ears for letter b, wiping ones’ handkerchief to the face for letter c and ultimately, shifting from one side to the other in ones’ seat for letter d. So during the exam week we started with a relish. History was our first exam and with our ‘tool’ we went through it like breeze. Naturally, physics being the most challenging of all subjects was where I highly depended on my classmates the most. My best friend, who was sitting a row in front of me, was excellent at physics and I answered faithfully to the hand gestures he showed. Finally, results were given the following week and I was amazed at the result of my physics test: an F. I was shocked, since I was certain to get a B or A. So after the class, my friend and I had a little chitchat and it turned out he wasn’t feeling so well at the time, which must have explained why he kept shifting from side to side. I thought his ‘side shifting’ was an answer to the physics questions when they were a response from feeling uncomfortable during the time. The result of that misinterpretation was a failing grade. My experience of nonverbal ambiguity was nevertheless simple for which there was no any catastrophic reaction however for people belonging to different cultures or backgrounds the implications for any misinterpretation maybe enormous. References: Montshire Minute: Non-Verbal ways of Communication . 8 June 1998. 29 June 2007 .